Reconstruction During The Civil War - 966 Words

Reconstruction is a time period after the Civil War ended in 1877. We view it as something that resembles a transformation, shifts in the southern U.S. after the Civil War. This was when slavery inequality, some political, economic, and social issues were, in some ways, balanced. The categories of issues that arose throughout this â€Å"restoration† were aspects such as involving the Confederacy into the Union, abolishing along with figuring out what to do with our free blacks, and addressing conflict between the Confederate leaders and a group of people, which we characterize as â€Å"the North.† During reconstruction, there was a challenging goal of incorporating former slaves into our nation as free citizens like everyone else. It looks like this â€Å"era† attempted to take out the unfairness of slavery; however, it was successful to a degree. Reconstruction, itself, was successful in fulfilling its goal to a degree because the Freedmen’s Bureau attemp ted to help former slaves with simple things such as housing, although it â€Å"lost its touch† due to deficiency of needed funds along with personnel, and trouble dealing with pressure that was advancing from the so-called white southerners. Upon origination, the Freedmen’s Bureau received its appearance as a good thing for former slaves, including those who were referred to as southern blacks. This organization had responsibilities in helping the blacks move from their state - slaves to something better- freedom. Quite remarkably,Show MoreRelatedReconstruction Of Reconstruction During The Civil War883 Words   |  4 Pages Describe and analyze Reconstruction. Did Reconstruction have any successes? The end of civil war in the United States of America brought about many problems, in particular for the South. Some of the problems were political, economic decay and social disorder. The war destroyed the plantations and crops thus causing many to starve to death while others became homeless. The reconstruction became the only hope for the people. Radical reconstruction began in 1867, which enabled the freed black menRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War972 Words   |  4 PagesThere was a transformation period after the Civil War called the reconstruction during the years 1863 to 1877. The reconstruction was the rebuilding of the United States, mainly in the South. There were three major types of reconstruction, which were political, physical, and social. The political reconstruction allowed some African Americans to vote; however, they had to be literate in order to take the Oath test. Not many African Ameri cans knew how to read and write, because they were slaves andRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1487 Words   |  6 PagesReconstruction was the period when America was figuring out on issues pertaining to who was an American, what rights an American should enjoy and what rights other Americans were exercising. The post bellum period was a period after the civil war that had affected the United States of America. This conflict had mostly taken place in the south and therefore the people there were the for the most part affected by this warfare. After the civil war, racism was still a threat and a struggle for the nationRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War864 Words   |  4 PagesIn hindsight it is sometimes claimed that Reconstruction was a failure. Although there was some good that came out of the Reconstruction it was mostly just a relentless uphill battle against Southerners and immoral politicians that were here to delay change and keep racism alive. Reconstru ction brought the Ku Klux Klan who displayed great resistance, and poverty that swept the South once the blacks were freed. The freedom of these black slaves led to discriminatory legislatures such as the BlackRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1892 Words   |  8 PagesReconstruction Over the course of America’s existence, it has acquired many successes and failures. Over time there have been a large number of accomplishments that have made the world a greater good, but there have also been phases of turmoil and tragedy. The Reconstruction period after the Civil War is a prime example of a complete failure. The Reconstruction period consisted of many goals and ideas that Americans planned to achieve in their country after being torn apart from the Civil War.Read MoreEducation During Reconstruction During The Civil War918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Education during Reconstruction† In the south before during and after the reconstruction was a time for educational growth. Many states were just beginning to provide public education. The education system was trialed and errored to become the system that we know today during this era. The civil war brought separation of races but also families, the radical republicans stressed education during the reconstruction to avert the attention of the people from the war and racial issues. BeforeRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era beginning in 1865 marked the period where white men and recently freed African Americans quarreled over the concept of equality on the basis of race as well as where freedom extended to. After the Civil War, there was a power struggle between the Republican and Democratic parties as they had extremely distinct ideas on whether African Americans should be free and hold citizen rights. African Americans were able to achieve citizenship as well as have equality through the 14thRead MoreThe Era Of Reconstruction During The Civil War1630 Words   |  7 Pageswas imposed by the white people. This contradiction is emblematic of the African-American experience. The era of reconstruction was a short-term success, a medium-term failure, and a foundation for the long-term successes of the civil rights movement in terms of black freedom. The era of reconstruction exposed the radical limits of freedom for natural born citizens in the post-civil war United States. The idea of freedom changed in a tremendous way for the blacks. I would like to begin by askingRead MoreThe Legacy Of Reconstruction During The Civil War Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pageshistory. These â€Å"revolutionary movements† have created lasting impressions on the United States that helped mold the nation that it is today. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time in America consisting of reuniting the country and pulling it from the economic catastrophe that stemmed from the Civil War. The reconstruction era had dealt with three separate plans: the Lincoln Plan, the Johnson Plan and the congressional Plan. These plans, each with their own unique way of unifying

The Problem Of Extreme Consumerism - 926 Words

Consuming goods and services play the biggest role in the economic system. There undoubtedly wouldn’t be and economic system without the consumption of goods and services. Every day, all over the world, there is an extreme amount of consumerism, but why exactly? What are the possible causes of extreme consumerism? Some of the few possible causes contributing to mass consumerism would include: the want for consumption, the need for consumption, and possibly even hoarders. Although many of the possible causes listed above tie together, it’s quite interesting exploring these causes of extreme consumerism and being able to shine a small light on the subject. As mentioned, extreme consumerism is what makes the economy, but what plays an extreme role in consumption? What makes people want to buy the variety of products and services that are on the market today? The answer to that would be the want for goods and the advertisement of those products. Everywhere you look there ar e advertisements whether they are in the newspaper, on social media, or the sign passing you as you drive down the street. It’s almost impossible to not see an advertisement on a daily basis. Advertisement play on emotions, logic, and authority to promote and make products and or services appealing. These types of advertisements can cause so many people, almost anyone and everyone, want to buy what they are selling causing people to buy, buy, and buy. Even with the appealing ads that’s not all thatShow MoreRelated`` Brave New World `` By Aldous Huxley1355 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as materialistic things or drugs in efforts to escape from their problems for a while. Thus, making it seem as if people would rather be surrounded with the fabrication of happiness rather than accepting the truth and facing one’s problems. Incidentally, consumerism has been defined as, â€Å"the perpetuated idea that you cannot be happy unless you surround yourself with things†. The human tendency of succumbing to consumerism and ignoring reality in order to preserve industrialized happiness hasRead MorePros And Cons1042 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigations have shown that inconceivable catastrophic changes will take place if the global temperature continues to rise. The polar ice caps are already melting, which can lead to rising sea levels. In addition, extreme weather such as droughts, floods, and storms will become a huge problem. The world will become uninhabitable. The Paris Agreement is an accord within the United Nations that deals with the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this accord also includes a plan asRead MoreNegative Effects Of Consumerism On Society825 Words   |  4 PagesConsumerism plays an extreme role in today’s economy and society. It is one of the key aspects of the economy growing, however it negatively affects the people of society. Consumerism has taken over society, with peoples’ need to classify themselves in a certain social status with the purchases of expensive merchandise. It may help the economy thrive, however it is society’s downfall with its depressing need to buy unnecessary products. Through modern technology, consumerism can easily capture peopleRead MoreThe Christian Disciple, A Follower Of Jesus1217 Words   |  5 Pagesobedience to Christ and His teachings. The faithful disciple places absolute trust in God while he embarks on a quest for a fulfilling life ri ch in virtue and happiness. Discipleship specifically emphasizes a simplistic lifestyle focused on rejecting consumerism and giving to those in need. In practicing asceticism, however, a follower of Jesus is faced with the decision between two separate Christian lifestyles: rigorous discipleship and responsible consumption. While both of these adaptations center onRead MoreThe Evils of Consumerism Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesspend larger amounts of money. Recently invented items, such as cars, also contributed to this dramatic rise of consumerism that occurred during this period. Advertising campaigns helped to fuel the demand for the newly invented items. However, many economists believe that this over indulgence and over spending were harbingers to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The consumerism in the 1920s paved the way for a changing life style and attitude over money and spending in America. Many AmericansRead MoreAmerican Rock N Roll Essay1578 Words   |  7 P agesdepression was replaced by a youthful optimistic spirit, which allowed for expression of self among the youth of American society. The optimistic spirit offered by pop culture icons allowed the youth to recover from a society which condemned them. An extreme example of this condemnation is the Kent state massacre of 1970 where 4 students were killed and 9 were wounded (History.com Staff 2009). Fashion, particularly the mini skirt, was the largest expression of Pop. The mini skirt displayed multiple PopRead MoreConsumerism Is Not Harmful At Times1364 Words   |  6 Pages Consumerism, the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable: a preoccupation with an inclination toward the buying of consumer goods, has been increasing over the last few decades. Although many individuals feel that the increase of can be hurtful to financial wellness, this is not always the truth. The consumption of goods and services is what allows the economic markets to flow f reely and thrive as well as survive. Not to say that induvial consumerism is not harmfulRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lorax By Dr. Seuss1322 Words   |  6 Pagesjoyful, colorful, book for toddlers and kids that was read before bedtime was far more controversial than someone who just cuts down trees. It has a secret message that goes right over the readers’ heads - concern about the environment through consumerism. The Lorax is about a preteen, Ted, who lives in an urbanized neighborhood where there is no vegetation except for inflatable bushes. The girl he likes wants a tree for her birthday, and he searches for a seed. Ted ends up leaving the town limitsRead MoreHunger : The Problem Of Hunger1488 Words   |  6 PagesKnowing that the world produces enough food to feed everyone, it is illogical that hunger has been one of the major problems throughout human history affecting and killing 8.2 million people each year. â€Å"Every 10 seconds a human being dies from hunger.†(Cogan) It is thought that this mostly happens in undeveloped countries but surprisingly â€Å"about 98% of the 842 million people starving actually live in developing countries† (Cogan). A long time ago, these terms were related to the lower social classesRead MoreWall-E versus Feed on Society1223 Words   |  5 PagesFeed and Pixar’s Wall-E, exaggerate a society influenced by technology using both simi lar and different story lines. Environment, consumerism, and the characters share similar qualities in Feed and Wall-E. In Feed, M.T. Anderson overstresses a polluted society that languishes in an â€Å"intricately rendered city† with a dying environment (Scott 1). He writes of an extreme point where the world needs air factories to live. While Violet is talking to her father she realizes, â€Å"‘the forest’s gone. Yeah

Human Rights Revisited ( Again ) - 2063 Words

Nicholas Wassner Edward Trefts Writing 2010 8 October 2014 Human Rights Revisited (Again) The gay community has been thriving over the last several years especially within the law, state after state bans fell and proposals passed. The movement is finally being recognized and basic rights are being promised to them in several courts around the country. In states like Idaho one could be fired or be denied housing for being gay, and that being the sole reason. When the bill, to add sexual orientation to the human rights act, was simply eligible to be put up to a vote the people who proposed it were overjoyed. They know the road is long and still work towards it, the smallest accomplishments feel like strides. Why is this attitude still†¦show more content†¦After years and years of activists and gay community leaders trying to find a solution to the lack of benefits many realize it is only going to change with our society as a whole. Neither side can use fiscal reasons to call themselves a winner, the not hiring gay employees because of the distractions they bring is very backwards, and front line protests only lead to violence and more hostility. Like human rights movements in the past, the gay rights movement, specifically rights in the workplace, can only change with society. Even today groups like the KKK exist and function in Idaho and other states, but there is no denying that over time our country has learned that someone’s skin color does not define their standing in society. Someday, hopefully in the near future, a majority of our free country will realize that somebody’s work ethic has nothing to do with who they choose to go to bed with at the end of their work day. Unfortunately the media in Idaho has not given much information regarding the gay community and its association with the state in any way. This includes polls, unbiased news articles, etc. There is not much of a way, at least today, to observe just how many gay individuals are being discriminated against in Idaho. The next best thing is a study done in South Carolina by the Williams Institute based at the University of California Los Angeles. In several states there are

Aircraft Brake Scandal free essay sample

Vandiveer faced dilemmas throughout the case: to follow his personal value and professional responsibility to refuse unethical action or to follow the managers’ order to keep the job; and to keep loyalty to the company or to be a whistleblower to disclose the fraud. In general, Vandiveer behaved by his personal values. However, some actions by Vandiveer are open to question. Visibility: Vandiveer was admired and supported by the public for his courage to do right thing though losing his job and suffering the possible prosecution. In some sense, Vandiveer betrayed his company as a whistleblower. However, his disclosure prevented a worse consequence of engineering fraud. Generality: Vandiveer set an example to guide others who in the similar situation. When there are conflicts with self-interest and ethics, the one will be expected to behave following the moral principle. However, it does not mean personal interest retreat constantly. Voice will be a better decision in such situation. Legacy: Vandiveer has a positive image when people talk about the aircraft brake scandal. He did not obey his inner sense and would be trusted by others in his future life. Discussion A summary of the Important Facts All stories caused by a contract issued on June, 18, 1967, by LTV Aerospace Corporation with Goodrich Company to order wheels and brakes for the new Air Force plane. For Goodrich, it seemed destined to be an unusual contract. Goodrich won this contract by a competitively low bid and, more importantly, the innovative technical design of relatively small brake which containing four disks and weighing only 106 pounds. During the one year for design and test, Goodrich told LTV that all about the brake program was well. A qualification report was published and submitted to Air Force and LTV to show that the brake passed specified qualifying test. Contrary to what Goodrich guaranteed in the report, the flight test in the last two weeks of June, 1986 failed. Followed the flight test failure, a litigation testified by Kermit Vandiveer, a former employee of Goodrich, Air Force and GAO, regarding falsification of the qualification test report, disclosed what happened in the year before the actual flight test, which now known as â€Å"Aircraft Brake Scandal†. The event, so to speak, implicated widely. From executives to employees, these people more or less involved in the fraud. Searle Lawson, the young design engineer on A7D brake and graduated only one year, was the one who first found and pointed out the design deficiency of the brake after several tests and computations. Later, he prepared the various engineering curves and graphic displays for the qualification report with Kermit Vandiveer, the data analyst and technical writer. In the litigation, Lawson supported Vandiveer’s testimony as a government witness. As a key figure in the event, although Vandiveer offered false graphic presentation after difficult self-struggle, he eventually turned into whistleblower to accuse Goodrich. Ralph Gretzinger, the test lab supervisor, initially opposed a falsified qualification report but knuckle under to the pressure of his supervisor in the Technical Services section, Russell Line. In addition, Russell Van Horn, the manager of the design engineering section, Robert Sink, the A7D project manager, and Bud Sunderman, the chief engineer for Goodrich, all of them ordered someone to write a falsified qualification report. Although all these actors reached an agreement on qualification report, division had existed between two opinion groups. One group was represented by Vandiveer who refused to write a deliberately falsified report. They were integrity and stood on their personal values and beliefs. They were responsibility for their professional standards and for the company’s interest and reputation as employees. Most people in the other group were executives, who were more concerned with their performance and future career path. They tried every way to whitewash the truth despite the serious consequence. A detailed Ethical Analysis Workbook for all people involved provided in Exhibit 1. The Relevant Standards/Principles There are two major standards used to evaluating Vandiveer’s behavior. One is fiduciary principle that required someone act in the best interests of the company and its investors. Diligence, intelligence, candor, loyalty, and many other characters are positive behavior of fiduciary. And unauthorized self-dealing, carelessness, bribery, and some other negative behaviors are prohibited. The other one is transparency principle that required someone conduct business in a truthful and open manner. Accuracy, truthfulness, honesty reflect this standard and fraud, deceit, and misrepresentation oppose it. Under the fiduciary principle, the one under such situation should try his best to protect the interest of company. Obviously, that was a right-versus-wrong situation. As an employee, neither quitting the job to escape from bad situation nor being blind loyalty to do what are told is good solution. Communicating with executives to persuade them giving up the bad decision and offer alternative method will be useful and helpful. Employees have the responsibility to stop the company making wrong decision. What’s more, they should choose reasonable methods which will not hurt the company. Under the transparency principle, the one is required to stand firm to refuse anything that will obey personal values and professional responsibilities. Issuing a report full of falsification and misleading is prohibited. Besides these two principles, reliability principle, fairness principle, and responsiveness principle are also relevant to evaluate author’s action and other stakeholder’s behavior. Was the author’s action consistent with his basic duties? The author’s action was, to a large extent, consistent with his basic duties. Throughout the whole event, Vandiveer made decisions following his personal values and beliefs. However, it is undeniable that some of Vandiveer’s actions were improper. As a data analyst and technical writer, Vandiveer should abide by the professional ethics to respect the raw experimental data and the actual testing results, and to write a report strictly according to the facts without any falsification. So, when he found that the data-recording instrument was deliberately miscalibrated and the test logs were inaccurate, he communicated with senior managers actively to state his stand that he would not issue a false report and tried his best to persuade managers to change the mind of publishing a false qualification report. Furthermore, Vandiveer’s action indicated his loyalty to the company. Actually, Vandiveer indeed should do what a qualified employee do. He was concerned with the reputation of the company and would like to take the responsibility to protect the company. Although Vandiveer once made a compromise to fabricate, falsify, and alter engineering curves and graphic displays that were normally incorporated in a qualification report, he eventually disclosed the fraud. When confronted with a conflict between the interests of himself and the public, Vandiveer gave up his self-interest to do what he thought was right. Just because of this, someone hold another opinion questioned Vandiveer’s loyalty to the company and his professional ethic. As a whistleblower, Vandiveer’s disclosure ran the company into difficulties. However, Vandiveer just putted his loyalty to the highest moral principles. His action actually protected the company from much more serious accusation or huge reparations which probably resulted from freight accident caused by the unqualified brake. Did the author respect the rights and legitimate claims of the affected parties? It depends on who is the affected party. LTV Corporation and Goodrich are two affected parties for Vandiveer. Vandiveer’s action respected the rights and other legitimate claims of LTV such as the right of deal fairly with others. LTV should be informed the facts of the brake program rather than be treated by a false qualification report. And according to the contract, the brake must be safe rather than unqualified to cause an accident when the fright landing. Because of Vandiveer’s disclosure, LTV knew the problem of the brake and Goodrich was forced to change the design of the defective brake. Further damage was avoided. For Goodrich’s rights and legitimate claims, it is a more complicated problem. Goodrich had the right to require its employees be loyalty, but Vandiveer seemingly breached this requirement. From the standpoint of public interest, Vandiveer’s decision was reasonable. However, from the standpoint of Goodrich, Vandiveer should have more appropriate actions in this right-versus-wrong situation. At the beginning, Vandiveer voiced to the managers. He described the situation explicitly, communicated his concerns, and warned the possible bad results. Meanwhile, he objected to do what obeyed the moral principles and tried his best to persuade the managers. After failed to persuade the managers, Vandiveer was forced to be loyalty, and did what he was told although he was still clearly aware that all these orders were unethical, or even illegal. After the failing flight test, Air Force rescinded the approval of the qualification report and demanded to see raw test data. Vandiveer joined the reference about the test data used in the report. He suggested the manager to tell LTV the truth but was rejected. Goodrich did not intend to admit any fault but just interpreted the information. Finally, Vandiveer submitted his resignation. He chose to exit. Evaluating Vandiveer’s performance in this event, he really did great effort to stop and change something. But, he missed some chances which may make the whole story another ending. When his communication with the executives of Goodrich plant but came to nothing, he could report this situation to headquarters of Goodrich. This would more or less draw attention from the headquarters. Thus, he did not have to write a false report, and the company would not involve in the scandal. Being a whistleblower is a last resort unless all efforts failed. Otherwise, he should stand in the same side of the company.

Rates Of Return Essay Example For Students

Rates Of Return Essay The issue of rates of return on foreign owned companies through foreign direct investment. On Wednesday Oct. 25th.2000,at a meeting in Montreal, the finance Minister of Canada Mr. Paul Martin in his opening address to the G20 group on promoting Globalization, stated that ?globalization will have a more human face with measures to ease financial crises and social safety nets to protect the poorest?. The meeting concluded with all the participants agreeing on a package of measures, which they say, will lead to more financial stability in the world. From a political perspective this endorsement may seem realistic. However this futuristic goal will require more foreign direct investment from corporations and other sources of private enterprise at a time when most expatriate firms are complaining about the decline of the (R.O.A) rate of return of foreign owned companies, specifically in the U.S.A. Firms based in one country increasingly make investments to establish and run business operations in other countries.U.S firms invested US$133 billion abroad in 1998,while foreign firms invested US$193 billion in the US.Overall world FDI flows more than tripled between 1988 and 1998,from US $192 billion to US$600.The share of FDI to GDP is generally rising in both developed and developing countries. In addition to this information the World Bank further stated that developing countries received about one quarter of the world FDI inflows in 1998-1998 on an average, though the share fluctuated quite a bit from year to year. It would seem that this is the largest form of private capital inflow to developing countries. This data will seem to encourage more foreign investment. Hence, one will ask if there are truly low rates of returns on investment by foreign owned companies. If this is the case then why are there so many foreign direct investment by small as well as multi-national corpo rations?In order to answer this question there must be an examination of the actual low rates of return from foreign-owned companies. This examination will be based on the performance of U.S.owned companies. A research done by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) provided new estimates of the rate of return for foreign ?owned US nonfinancial companies that are disaggregated by industry and valued in current-period prices for the years 1988 to 1997.The new estimates. Along with company-level estimates for US owned nonfinancial US companies, were used to examine factors that help explain the low rates of return. The rate of return measure was the ( ROA) i.e. the return on assets.. This is also looked at as the ratio of profits from current production, plus interest paid to the average of beginning and end of year total assets. Also profits from current production are profits that result from the production of goods and services in the current period. Both profits and assets are valued in prices of the current period. Profits reflect the value of inventory withdrawals and depreciation on a current-cost basis. These have been adjusted to remove the income from equity investments in unconsolidated business and the expense associated with amortizing intangible assets. Total assets reflect the current cost of tangible assets. These have been adjusted to remove assets for which the return is not included in the numerator of the ROA ratio e.g. equity investments in unconsolidated businesses and ammortizable intangible assets. The new ROA estimates for foreign-owned companies indicate that: The new current-cost estimates show that the average ROA of foreign owned companies in 1988-1997 was 5.1 percent. In contrast, the historical-cost estimates show an average ROA of 5.7 percent. The ROA of all foreign non financial companies was consistently below that of US owned non-financial companies in 1988-1997,but the gap narrowed over time from nearly two percentage points in 1988 to one percentage point in 1997.The narrowing of the gap appeared to be related to age effects. Acquiring or establishing a new business add costs such as startup costs that disappear over time. .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da , .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .postImageUrl , .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da , .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:hover , .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:visited , .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:active { border:0!important; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:active , .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u282b62a7f0f8dd7681a8ef8bc672b1da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Heresy Of Galileo Essay ; Additionally, experience can yield benefits, such as learning by doing that accumulates over time. High startup and restructuring costs related to acquisitions also lower the profitability of foreign-owned companies. Newly acquired foreign-owned companies showed very low or negative rates of return. Many foreign ?owned companies had a tax-related incentive to shift profits from the US to their home country using transfer prices. There are several other studies which indicate that there is a decline in the rate of return on Foreign Direct Investment by US companies. The most recent study was done by Laster and McCauley.They used industry level estimates of historical-cost return on investment and on sales for foreign-owned companies from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.The consensus is that the reasons for this decline are:Industry mix, i.e. US owned companies are concentrated in low profit industries, Market share, age effects, intra firm-import content, i.e. some foreign-owned companies might have made higher profits but they may shift some of this profits using transfer prices, and finally, combined effects involving one or several of the preceding reasons for the lower rate of return on foreign investment. From the various studies conducted, industry patterns in the ROA estimates indicated that the profitability of foreign-owned companies is related to their market shares. Industries in which the profitability of foreign-owned companies is relatively high, (such as petroleum and chemical manufacturing) tend to be those in which the largest foreign-owned companies have a significant share of the total US market for certain products. However, in some industries, (such as stone, clay and glass products manufacturing and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products manufacturing), the largest foreign owned companies both are relatively and less profitable and have a significant share of the total US market for certain products. In order for Mr. Martin and his G20 disciples to fulfil there mandate they must consider the impact of low return on investment by foreign direct investment companies in the US as well as other countries.

Somewhere Emergency Aid

The case highlights a dilemma that many managers have to resolve in their daily work. In particular, they need to ensure that every organizational goal is attained by the personnel. However, these professionals also have to think about the rights of employees. There are several recommendations that Jane should consider.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Somewhere Emergency Aid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, she should include the provision about substance abuse in the job description. This requirement is critical for the effective work of this organization. It should be noted that the employees of Somewhere Emergency Aid Society interact with the victims of abuse and violence, and these people certainly expect compassion from social workers. In turn, these professional may not cope with their duties, provided that they are addicted to drugs and alcohol. Furthermore, those team members, who are dependent on substance, should be terminated. In this case, the wellbeing of women, who seek shelter, should be the top priority for Jane who is the leader of the team. The second issue that should be considered is the choice between two candidates. It seems that Jane should learn more about the previous work experience of the female candidate. Provided that she was indeed dismissed because of substance abuse, she should not be employed by Somewhere Emergency Aid Society. Furthermore, Jane can give an opportunity to an applicant who has a Master’s Degree in Psychology. It seems that the expertise of this person can be of great value to the organization. He can bring new skills to the team or suggest new ways of helping the victims of abuse. These initiatives can be of great benefit to women who have to rely on the assistance of social workers. This is the main recommendations that one can make. Again, these decisions are based on the premise that Somewhere Emergency Aid Socie ty has to focus on the rights of women who can only rely on the competence and professionalism of employees working in this shelter. The needs of the asylum seekers can be met only in if social workers possess skills in different fields, Moreover, there should not be any obstacles that can prevent employees from doing their work properly. Among these obstacles, one can single out substance abuse or unwillingness of the personnel to accept new employees. These are the reasons that should guide Jane’s decisions.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case study on Somewhere Emergency Aid was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marketing Communications Plan To Launch A New Brand Marketing Essay Essay Example

Marketing Communications Plan To Launch A New Brand Marketing Essay Essay Example Marketing Communications Plan To Launch A New Brand Marketing Essay Essay Marketing Communications Plan To Launch A New Brand Marketing Essay Essay Description Hydra is to be launched as a premium trade name for still unflavoured and flavored H2O. It would be available in two sizes of 750ml and 330 milliliters each. The bigger bottle is to be made available in athleticss battalion and the smaller in a screw cap. Along with unflavoured H2O, Hydra offers four water plus spirits which are orangish n cherry, ginger n lemon, batch N herbs and merely grape. The flavored bottles would be available as Hydra! to distinguish them from unflavored. Competition ANALYSIS The bottled H2O industry is basically a portion of the soft drinks sector which besides includes carbonated drinks, still drinks, juices and other dilatable ; stand foring a entire client value worth A ; lb ; 219 billion ( Leijh, 2006 ) . The image of carbonates, the biggest participant of this sector, has been on a diminution due to turning wellness concerns and the industries accordingly try to reinvent their offerings in order to pull the consumers. Thus the traditional boundaries between carbonated drinks, H2O and juices and being dropped as newer blends hit the shelves every twenty-four hours. The competition hence in this industry is huge and proactive. Offers in the market which provide the value of slaking thirst must be regarded as indirect competition. These will include carbonated drinks, juices, milk, energy drinks, still drinks and even sparkling H2O ; across all spirits. Some of the indirect rivals identified are Pepsi, Coca Cola, Dr. Pepper, Britvic, Cresta, Tango, Sunkist, Lucozade, Tropicana, Nesquik and Scheweppes Tonic. The direct competition comes from other bottled H2O trade names which target the same market as Hydra. These trade names provide about the same value that is, still unflavoured and flavored H2O to the same market sections. The trade names identified as direct competition for farther analysis are Vittel and Aqua Pura. The Vittel trade name belongs to the Perrier household owned by Nestle while Aqua Pura is an ain label production from Well Well. Both these trade names offer still flavored and unflavoured H2O. Market SEGMENTATION The bottled H2O market in the UK posted strong positive growing and entire value of A ; lb ; 1.4 billion in 2007 ( Data Monitor Industry Profile, 2008 ) . The volume of gross revenues has besides been invariably increasing at a compound one-year growing rate of 5.7 % from 2 billion litres in 2003 to 2.5 billion in 2007. Data proctor survey besides reveals that still unflavoured H2O consists of 48.4 % of entire gross revenues in this industry and still unflavoured consists of 12.2 % . A survey of 24000 samples by Livingstone ( 2004 ) reemphasizes the big figure of still H2O drinkers over scintillating. Figure 1 shows the laterality of still H2O in this market. Figure: Changing young person imbibing wonts Figure: Laterality of Still waterThe young person market section in this industry has besides been increasing in importance for the trade names. Livingstone ( 2004 ) charts an about 20 % addition in usage of bottled H2O in 11-19 old ages old over 1997 to 2004. This is shown in Figure 2. The communicating schemes of the trade names besides reflect reacting to this. Nestle Waters launched Vittel Red, aimed at immature work forces and adult females through an high-strung stigmatization attack ( Haymarket Publication, 2006 ) . Aqua Pura s Activa and Revive are two sub trade names aimed at aiming the young person. Salazar ( 2007 ) states how demographics affect the use of bottled H2O across UK. Women constitute the bulk of bottled H2O drinkers. Around 45 % of 18 to 34 twelvemonth old adult females and 44.6 % of 35 to 54 twelvemonth old adult females devour bottled H2O. Men s per centums of the 18 34 age groups drank 35.3 % and those in the age group from 35 to 54 consumed 34.5 % . In add -on, harmonizing to WQA studies ( cited in Salazar, 2007 ) , some 47 % of 18 to 34 twelvemonth olds do non believe that their H2O is safe ; hence 41.4 % of them consume bottled H2O on a regular basis. Target Selling In the value exchange attack to selling, Gabbott ( 2004 ) , states that the trade name should place mark sections based on the significance and viability of the merchandise for the mark. Targeting includes placing specific group of consumers with similar penchants for whom the merchandise is most meaningful and appropriate. This analysis identifies three mark sections for the bottled H2O trade names in survey. Sports Active Both Aqua Pura and Vittel have athleticss cap available and are taking patrons of featuring events. While Aqua Pura sponsors the UK Athletics and the great tally programme ; Vittel has been a patron of London endurance contest since the past 8 old ages. It would be interesting to observe that Vittel even has marathon preparation and hydration tips from adept Jamie Baird on its web site. Vittel besides launched a new drink Vittel +Energy with public presentation heightening ingredients ( refer to Figure 3 ) Travel For It Guys/Girls Livingstone ( 2004 ) identifies lifestyle and manner driven drinkers as Go-For-It mark. These are active immature males and females who are heavy cyberspace users and fast nutrient consumers. Both the trade names provide sleek bottle options for this group. To aim this group, Vittel operates as a lifestyle H2O option with high-strung stigmatization. Its David Bowie commercial was chiefly targeted at this mark group. Aqua Pura on the other manus attracts this group through its bomber trade names Activa and Revive. Figure: Vittel +energy Source: nutrient industry ( 2003 ) , ebsco publishingChildren Both the companies target kids as one of the of import mark groups. With smaller bottles available which can suit into the school tiffin boxes, to bind ups with Warner Bros and Looney Toones ; Vittel strives to make a full fledging division for kid consumers merely. Aqua Pura s Champions programme ( Aqua Pura, 2008 ) is once more a kids specific programme through which it spreads the message of mundane healthy hydration along with the aid of school instructors. Market Placement To analyze the market placement of the bottled H2O industry, it is indispensable to place the wide values that the consumer demands and the values that are provided by the bing market participants. The basic value demanded and supplied in this industry is that of slaking the thirst. As King ( 2002 ) points out, there has been a batch of weight placed on research and development to heighten this value supplied. Lots of research and selling has been focused into development of water + options from vitamins to oxygen to new spirits being introduced. As the basic value is served by all the market participants, distinction is possible merely through value add-ons and trade name development. To develop a trade name positioning map for this survey, the trade name entreaty ( premium, sophisticated urban, immature ) and the value distinction ( regular flavored ) are chosen as the properties. The positioning map therefore developed is shown as Figure 4. URBAN TESCO VOLVIC VITTEL HYDRA FLAVORED REGULAR AQUAPURA HIGHLAND Spring PERRIER Sophisticated EVIAN FIGURE 4: Market POSITIONING MAP OF LEADING Trade names Selling COMMUNICATIONS Plan Aim The aims of this program are identified below. To make trade name consciousness. The mark market has to be made cognizant of the being of the trade name. This is to be achieved through a mix of both above and below the line activities. Seventy five per centum of the mark market is to be made cognizant over the clip program. To accomplish market incursion. This is to be done through a combination of aggressive below the line and pricing schemes. Fifty per centum of the mark market is to be penetrated over the clip program. To make trade name publicity. Hydra is to be promoted sharply and to be established as an active and urban trade name of bottled H2O. Constitution of Hydra! as a unequivocal sub-brand. TIME Plan Exploratory Research 3 hebdomads Concept Development and Creative Idea 4 hebdomads Market Tests 1 hebdomad Integrated Communicationss Above-the-line Strategies 12 hebdomads Below -the-line Strategies 26 hebdomads Exploratory Research Focus group interviews to be for merchandise development and purchaser behaviour research. Concept Development and Creative Idea The trade name s communicating constructs are developed internally, media planning and budgeting is carried out. External services are hired to make communications. Market Trials Trials are carried to look into the response, cogency and effects of communications designed. Integrated Communicationss Validated communications are issued through above-the-line and below-the line. Monitor and Evaluation The feedbacks generated by the communications are to be monitored systematically. Evaluation of the program is to be done invariably and tight control is to be maintained. Target SEGMENTS The wide mark market for this trade name is everyone who wants to slake its thirst. But through the cleavage procedure, a few sections have been identified to which to which this communicating program is to be targeted. These are identified below Young urban professionals. Below 35 old ages of age, metropolis inhabitants male or female. Sports partisans. Childs from the age 8-16 Age group 16-22. Market influence leaders Through behavioural cleavage, mark sections identified include Experiences , Innovators and Early Adopters . ABOVE-THE-LINE STRATEGIES The trade name Hydra will be launched through an aggressive above-the-line communications run. A strong pull and profile scheme is to be realized through above-the-line. The advertizements to be used for the run must be foremost used to present and remember the trade name, distinguish it from the competition, inform the consumers of the values in exchange and carry their purchasing determination. Media Planning Keeping in head the immense size of mark audience and comparative concentration in certain centres, the media to be used to present the communications has been decided. It is merely after this that communications are developed to be broadcast through these beginnings. The media selected for Above-the-line communications are Television, Print, Outdoor, In Store, and Internet. Television Television is the most common medium for mass advertisement. For Hydra s launch two Television commercials are to be created. It is aimed to advance Hydra as an individualistic, conventionalized and aspirational athleticss and lifestyle trade name through these commercials. The first Television ad should kick get down the run and to be followed by other mediums. The 2nd Television ad is to be launched after two hebdomads of the first commercial. Musca volitanss to be bought include lifestyle and athleticss channels at premier clip and eventide. Print The print run for Hydra will get down at the same time with the telecasting commercial appearance. The print ads will be complementary to the message of the telecasting ads. The print media to be used is newspapers ( The Sun, Guardian ) magazines ( Men s Health, Women s Health, OK! ) and yellow journalisms ( Daily Mirror, The London paper ) . Full back page advertizements in day-to-day yellow journalisms twice a hebdomad for first four hebdomads and medium sized ads three yearss a hebdomad thenceforth, are to be placed. Medium sized advertizements in newspapers are to be placed five yearss a hebdomad for the first two hebdomads ; each twenty-four hours for a new spirit ( regular plus four ) . The explosion at the launch is to be followed by two ads a hebdomad. The magazines ad is to be accompanied with a reader competition as good. Outdoor and In Shop Banners, logo and ads are to be placed in public conveyance systems, high streets, shopping centres and inside the shop at points of sale. Internet Internet is to be really strategically used in order to pass on with the mark. The market influencers of the World Wide Web are to be targeted through community web sites, web logs, synergistic gambling and societal networking sites. The web site of Hydra is to include an synergistic game where the participant would necessitate to maintain his degree of Hydra high. The game would besides be linked to facebook as one of its applications. Video blogging and YouTube channels are besides to be used to advance the trade name. Hydra ads on the cyberspace would be seen in portals, intelligence and lifestyle sites. BELOW-THE-LINE STRATEGIES It is imperative excessively design relevant below-the-line communicating schemes for the success of the launch of Hydra. Below-the-line communications of Hydra would be a mix of pull and push schemes. These are to be carried over a period of 26 hebdomads and so reassessed. Gross saless publicity, forming and patronizing events, effectual public dealingss, effectual distribution and personal merchandising are effectual techniques used. Gross saless Promotion In the initial period of launch, gross revenues publicity activities are indispensable. The purpose of aggressive gross revenues publicity would be to do the mark market seek the merchandise. It is planned that price reduction vouchers offering 50 per centum price reduction to be accompanied in the print ads. It is besides planned to hold price reduction vouchers for every single spirit on different yearss. This would assist advance each spirit every bit. Different price reductions are besides planned for section shops and convenience shops. Besides, bulk bargains in six battalions would pull price reductions. Through gross revenues publicity, Hydra is to be pushed to the consumers. Events The profile scheme calls for patronizing events as it helps set up and prolong the trade name. It is worthwhile to patronize merely if the trade name identifies with the event. With Hydra being an active life style and athleticss trade name, sponsorships of athleticss and other events would come of course. It is planned to get down with patronizing corporate athleticss meets and travel on to patronize international featuring events and other events such as a music festival. Sponsorships and events are a portion of the pull scheme. Public Relations Effective PR has to be maintained while establishing the trade name. It would necessitate affairs with different imperativeness and intelligence bureaus. News releases for the trade name should be conspicuously featured. The influence leaders of the society demand to be targeted. Print articles sing wellness, hydration and fittingness are to be released in different publications. Personal Selling The largest purchasers of the bottled H2O industry are the departmental shops. Water is besides sold through other merchants, convenience shops, intelligence agents, tobacconists, some eating houses, booths and peddling machines. Personal merchandising is required to efficaciously make and keep strategic relationship with the channels. It is a authoritative portion of the push scheme. Although the gross revenues individual would non be selling straight to the terminal user, its occupation would be all the more of import as it would be covering in larger measures with larger parties. INTERNATIONAL LAUNCH Location After the launch of Hydra in the United Kingdom, it is to be launched in the international market every bit good. It would be done after closely supervising the public presentation of the trade name in the UK. To establish the trade name internationally, the first measure is to make up ones mind on the new market. Hydra would look to venture into different European markets maintaining in head the propinquity to the UK, geographically and culturally. It would look frontward to establish the trade name in Ireland and France foremost and so spread out to Germany, Spain and Poland. Aim After set uping the trade name in the UK, the aim of Hydra would be to reiterate its local success in the international market every bit good. In the Irish and the Gallic markets, Hydra would still be an unknown entity. Therefore the first aim is to present the trade name and create trade name consciousness. The 2nd aim is to set up Hydra and Hydra! as lifestyle trade names. Overall the aim is to culturally suit in the new market. Scheme Ireland and France have been chosen as markets for international launch because they do non differ much from the UK in footings of civilization. In footings of market cleavage, the mark sections for Hydra are the same as that in UK and so will be the placement of the trade name. Therefore it is planned to travel frontward with the same communications program tuned out with local linguistic communication.